LASER HAIR REMOVAL
Unwanted hair is a problem for people since Pharaoh Age. At Old Egypt, except for head hair, other visible hairs are not permitted for women from high society. This limitation provided the discovery of epilating wax which was used as an unwanted hair lose procedure till today.
Recently electrolysis procedure has begun to be used. In these procedure hair follicles has been burned with heat that produced via electric current by a thin needle. Although it is a successful procedure, its application is difficult and many séances has been needed.The first laser treatment occurred in the late 1970’s, quite by an accident. A scientist unknowingly exposed a portion of his arm to a 692 diode pumped YAG for several seconds, which burned all of the hair off. The incident did no damage to his skin and was quickly forgotten, until several months later when he noticed a bald patch on his arm. Thereupon laser depilation become the most efficacious and modern method between depilation methods.
Effects of Laser on hair
Every hair follicle has three phases: growing (anagene), regression (catagene), dormant (telogene)
Anagene (Growing) Phase:
Hair follicle is active in this phase. In this phase, hair follicle contacts to the supplier cell and it has melanin pigment densely.
Catagene (Regression) Phase:
It is a short period that growing of hair follicle stopped.
Telogene (Dormant) Phase:
Biologic activity of hair follicle has stopped and it’s the time of depilation.
Laser affects hair follicles which are in the anagene phase. Hair can conduct high heat to the supplier cell immediately and excessively in this phase. In other phases, heat can not be conducted to the cell, because hair follicle is not contacted to the supplier cell, so cell can not be demolished.
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It is impossible to destroy all hair follicles in the course of one treatment. The reason is that the hairs will be in different phases. If all hairs were in the same phase, all of them can be cleaned up in the course of one treatment by determining the anagene phase. Only those hairs which are in their active phase will be destroyed.
Laser Hair Removal Therapy
Laser depilation therapy which is the most effective way of to be hairless, smoothing away from the unwanted hair, is quicker, painless and more satisfactory than the other procedures
Body area
Nevertheless the interval of treatments and the duration of each laser treatment changes among people, for women the mean treatment duration is 4-8 séances, and 6-8 séances for men. Except for hormonal problems or situations that the hair follicle were over stimulated genetically, generally treatment durations don’t pass abovementioned numbers. Rarely there are cases that durations were elongated; in fact there are cases without permanent hair loss. Among women, better outcomes acquired respectively at bikini region, genital region, axilla, legs, abdomen and arms. Among men regions in which best outcomes has been acquired and most favored ones are, ridge, chest, ear, between eyebrows, undersides of eyes, nape and neck. Except for orbit, laser can be applied to all body regions. In this regions séance intervals are changed between 2 or 2,5 months. Between two séances, regions stay cleaned. When the séance time comes, most of the hairs arise together. After initiate of treatment, applications like string, tweezers or epilating wax which effects to the hair follicle should not be applied to the region. If it is necessary, hairs can be shortened with scissors or razor blade. Treatment durations are shorter as 1 or 1,5 hours for leg, 1 hour for ridge, 15-30 minutes for bikini region, 5 minutes for axilla, 2 minutes for ear and between eyebrows. Pain that felt during treatment can be described as knocking of rubber to the skin. In no case there is severe pain as much as to abort the treatment. Cooling system of laser device minimizes the pain. There can be temporary redness on the application region and tumescence can be occur at the hair follicles as the indicator of the activity of laser. Severity of this natural reaction changes between people, but skin revert to its normal situation in 30 or 60 minutes. After the cure in beginning sessions although the hair is burned, it is seen as black dots for 10 to 15 days. The hair under skin surface disappears in 2 weeks time. Especially for dark colored, wide and deep rooted (such as bikini area) hair’s disappearance is pretty hard, but if you be patient and not worry the result will satisfy your expectations.
Face area
In the laser depilation facial area must be apart from other parts of the body. The decision to start for cure can be considered very wisely. Facial hair is thinner and light colored then body hair. In some cases the facial hair is thick and dark colored but that doesn’t make any difference because after some sessions they will get lighter and narrower. Light colored and thin hair can’t transfer the heat properly that’s why the root of the hair can’t get burned. Some of black and thick facial hair -after few sessions- disappears quickly, but the rest gets thinner. After all the sessions will go on as the thin hair’s roots are cured. This case needs at least 10 sessions according to people. Session period varies between 4 to 6 weeks. As in the body some erythema, some nodules in the hair root, but all of these are temporary. During the operation the face must be clean and be freed from make up, perfume, cream etc.
Risks and Complications of Laser Hair Removal
Complications are lesser if the color of skin is lighter. At darker skins, melanin pigment is much more, so the melanin pigment also absorbs the applied energy. Heat that arises from this energy can cause skin burns. Because of skin burns there can be differences in skin color that named hyperpigmentation (darken) or hypopigmentation (lighten). Almost all of these are transient and they must be monitored by physician. Because of these, during laser therapy, activities that oriented to skin darkening, like sun bath or solarium are not recommended. These changes in the skin color either are remediable or may improve it.
Situations that laser hair removal can not be applied.
1- Skin cancer history
2- Infections on the application area
3- Personal sensitivity to the wavelength of laser
4- Usage of medications that increase sensitivity to the infrared ray (like Roacuttane ®)
Beside these situations, laser light is not effective on white, yellow or red hair. Because of this, laser depilation is not recommended for white, yellow or red haired patients. Laser can be applied after a waiting period and with physician’s evaluation, to patient who exposed to sustained solarium and sun light in 2 or 3 weeks before therapy. Laser can be applied to patients who are medicating with hormones at the same time. Effect of laser therapy is poor on patients that have non cured hormonal problems.
Laser application is medically unrelated with cancer development.
What is laser?
Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) Beam is a bundle of beam that advances on the same direction independently with a certain wavelength. This beam bundle projected to the skin with a set of mirrors and effects the hair by revealing heat energy. Melanin pigment of hair that in the anagen phase, selected by laser beam, so the heat energy that converted from light energy, conducted to hair follicle (selective thermolysis). The aim of this procedure is to demolish hairs and supplier cells, so hair reproduction can be minimized or totally vanished.
Laser Devices
Laser devices vary in respect of their wavelengths. Ruby (694 nm), alexandrite (755 nm), diode (808 nm), NdYag (1064 nm) are lasers that used for depilation. When the wave length of light decreases, the pigment (melanin) which gives its color to the hair sensitivity increases. That’s why the light which’s wave length is low extremely effects and give good result in black colored hair. Dark skinned people’s skin contains more melanin low rated wave length observed by skin. This observation provides much heat on skin and related skin illnesses. High rated wave length light is used in these cases.
The fact is using a machine which is effective for all skin and hair types and also causes less damage on skin. That’s why mostly used, qualified and technically capable products are alexandrite and diode lasers. Both laser types are effective for thick and dark colored hair. Diode laser’s security area is wider for dark skins. But in the end the decision for using one of these machines must be done by an expert doctor.
Dr. Jülide BAYÇIN
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